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Αν βλέπετε κάποιο λάθος στην ερώτηση, στις απαντήσεις, στις φωτογραφίες ή στην μετάφραση παρακαλούμε ενημερώστε μας.
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Ζυγοστάθμιση των τροχών.
Η ζυγοστάθμιση στους τροχούς είναι σημαντικός παράγοντας για την οδηγική ασφάλεια. Όταν τα ελαστικά του οχήματος δεν είναι ζυγοσταθμισμένα, τότε όταν κινούμαστε σε κάποιες ταχύτητες προκαλούνται κραδασμοί ή φθείρονται τα ελαστικά πιο γρήγορα ή ανομοιόμορφα ή μονόπλευρα.
Πότε κάνουμε ζυγοστάθμιση?
Η ζυγοστάθμιση είναι απαραίτητο να γίνεται όταν αλλάζουμε ελαστικά ή όταν διασταυρώνονται για ομοιόμορφη φθορά ή μετά από κάποια επισκευή. Όταν νιώσουμε κραδασμούς κατά τη διάρκεια της οδήγησης πρέπει να πάμε το όχημά μας για ζυγοστάθμιση.
Η έλλειψη ζυγίσματος - στάθμισης- ισορροπίας στα ελαστικά οφείλεται στο γεγονός πως όταν το λάστιχο τοποθετείται στον τροχό ενώνονται για να αποτελέσουν μια μάζα (ένα σύστημα) τα οποίο πρέπει να λειτουργεί ισορροπημένα με απόλυτα ακριβή κατανομή βάρους γύρω από τους άξονες κύλισης.
Έτσι βλέπουμε δύο τύπους έλλειψης ζυγίσματος -ισορροπίας:
Δυναμική ανισορροπία: συμβαίνει όταν το βάρος σε μια ή και τις δύο πλευρές της κατά πλάτους κεντρικής διάταξης ελαστικού – τροχού είναι άνισα κατανεμημένο. Προκαλεί κραδασμό (τρέμουλο - δηλ. πλευρική ταλάντωση) του τροχού.
Στατική ανισορροπία: προκαλείται από την ύπαρξη κάποιου σημείου στο λάστιχο που έχει λιγότερη ή περισσότερη μάζα. Τότε η κύλιση του ελαστικού παρουσιάζει μια εκκεντρότητα, μια ανώμαλη κίνηση πάνω κάτω.
Συνήθως στους τροχούς υπάρχουν και οι δύο τύποι ανισορροπίας.
Ο τροχός ταλαντώνεται
Οι παραπάνω ταλαντώσεις που δημιουργούνται, όταν δεν έχουμε ζυγοστάθμιση, μεταφέρονται στις αναρτήσεις (ελατήρια-αμορτισέρ) και το σύστημα διεύθυνσης (τιμόνι), με αποτέλεσμα να αισθανόμαστε το γνωστό τρέμουλό ή κοσκίνισμα.
Όταν παρατηρούμε κοσκίνισμα μεταξύ 80 και 120 χμ/ώρα τότε το πρόβλημα εντοπίζεται συνήθως στους μπροστινούς τροχούς, ενώ σε μεγαλύτερες ταχύτητες και στους πίσω. Το τρέμουλο μπορεί να το αντιλαμβανόμαστε είτε μόνο μπροστά (από το τιμόνι) είτε σε όλο το όχημα (σαν να χοροπηδά ολόκληρο).
Φυσικά αν το αφήσουμε για πολύ καιρό θα προκληθούν φθορές στα ελαστικά, στις αναρτήσεις ή και ακόμα χειρότερα στους συνδέσμους του αμαξώματος.
Κατά τη διάρκεια της ζυγοστάθμισης τοποθετούνται ειδικά αντίβαρα στην περιφέρεια της ζάντας ώστε να αποκτήσει ο τροχός ομοιόμορφη κατανομή της μάζας.
Η ζυγοστάθμιση γίνεται είτε πάνω στο αμάξι είτε βγάζοντας έναν - έναν τους τροχούς από έμπειρο και καταρτισμένο τεχνικό ώστε να διασφαλιστεί η ακεραιότητα του οχήματος και τελικά η οδική ασφάλεια.
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