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Αν βλέπετε κάποιο λάθος στην ερώτηση, στις απαντήσεις, στις φωτογραφίες ή στην μετάφραση παρακαλούμε ενημερώστε μας.
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Οριζόντια σήμανση.
Οι σημάνσεις των οδοστρωμάτων με διαγραμμίσεις, ή αναγραφή λέξεων, ή απεικόνιση συμβόλων, χρησιμοποιούνται για τη ρύθμιση της κυκλοφορίας, ή για την προειδοποίηση, ή την καθοδήγηση όσων χρησιμοποιούν τις οδούς. Υπάρχουν είτε μόνες είτε σε συνδυασμό με πινακίδες σήμανσης ή σηματοδότες για να τονιστεί ή να διευκρινιστεί η σημασία τους.
Χωρίζονται σε τρεις βασικές κατηγορίες:
οι κατά μήκος διαγραμμίσεις.
οι κατά πλάτος (εγκάρσιες) διαγραμμίσεις
οι ειδικές διαγραμμίσεις.
Οι κατά μήκος διαγραμμίσεις είναι:
η αποτελούμενη από μία ή δύο συνεχείς γραμμές η οποία σημαίνει διαχωρισμό των λωρίδων αντίθετων κατευθύνσεων
η αποτελούμενη από μία διακεκομμένη γραμμή επί του οδοστρώματος, η οποία καθορίζει τα όρια των λωρίδων για την καθοδήγηση της κυκλοφορίας
η αποτελούμενη από μία διακεκομμένη γραμμή, διπλάσιου πλάτους της προηγούμενης, η οποία καθορίζει τα όρια μεταξύ της λωρίδας επιτάχυνσης ή επιβράδυνσης και της παράπλευρης λωρίδας κυκλοφορίας
η αποτελούμενη από μία διακεκομμένη γραμμή επί του οδοστρώματος με μήκη τμημάτων και των μεταξύ τους κενών, πολύ μικρότερα της διακεκομμένης γραμμής της περίπτωσης β΄, η οποία σημαίνει προειδοποίηση για την προσέγγιση σε διπλή ή συνεχή γραμμή ή για την προσέγγιση σε άλλο τμήμα οδού, το οποίο παρουσιάζει ιδιαίτερο κίνδυνο. Η προειδοποιητική αυτή γραμμή μπορεί να συμπληρωθεί ή να αντικατασταθεί με βέλη εκτροπής.
η αποτελούμενη από μία συνεχή γραμμή και άλλη παράπλευρα διακεκομμένη, η οποία σημαίνει διαχωρισμό των λωρίδων αντίθετων κατευθύνσεων
η αποτελούμενη από διπλές διακεκομμένες γραμμές, η οποία καθορίζει λωρίδα ή λωρίδες κυκλοφορίας στις οποίες η κατεύθυνση της κυκλοφορίας μπορεί να αντιστραφεί.
Οι κατά πλάτος (εγκάρσιες) διαγραμμίσεις είναι:
η αποτελούμενη από μία συνεχή γραμμή επί του πλάτους μιας ή περισσοτέρων λωρίδων κυκλοφορίας, η οποία καθορίζει τη θέση πριν από την οποία οι οδηγοί είναι υποχρεωμένοι να διακόψουν την πορεία τους λόγω της πινακίδας «ΥΠΟΧΡΕΩΤΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΚΟΠΗ ΠΟΡΕΙΑΣ (STOP)» (P-2), λόγω ένδειξης φωτεινού σηματοδότη, σήματος τροχονόμου ή πριν από σιδηροδρομική διάβαση (γραμμή διακοπής πορείας). Η λέξη «STOP» μπορεί να αναγράφεται επί του οδοστρώματος πριν από τις πιο πάνω διαγραμμίσεις
η αποτελούμενη από μία διακεκομμένη γραμμή επί του πλάτους μιας ή περισσοτέρων λωρίδων κυκλοφορίας, η οποία καθορίζει τη θέση πριν από την οποία οι οδηγοί οχημάτων οφείλουν να παραχωρούν προτεραιότητα, συμμορφούμενοι προς την πινακίδα Ρ-1, «ΥΠΟΧΡΕΩΤΙΚΗ ΠΑΡΑΧΩΡΗΣΗ ΠΡΟΤΕΡΑΙΟΤΗΤΑΣ».
Μπροστά από μία τέτοια διαγράμμιση μπορεί να σημειωθεί επί του οδοστρώματος, για να συμβολίζει την πινακίδα Ρ-1, μεγάλο τρίγωνο με τη μία πλευρά παράλληλη προς τη διαγράμμιση και την απέναντι αυτής κορυφή προς τον υποχρεούμενο να παραχωρήσει προτεραιότητα.
Η διακεκομμένη αυτή γραμμή μπορεί να αντικατασταθεί με τρίγωνα σημειούμενα το ένα κοντά στο άλλο επί του οδοστρώματος, με τις κορυφές τους προς τον οδηγό ο οποίος υποχρεούται να παραχωρήσει προτεραιότητα
η αποτελούμενη από ραβδώσεις μεγάλου πλάτους παράλληλα προς τον άξονα του οδοστρώματος, η οποία καθορίζει διάβαση πεζών (ZEBRA)
η αποτελούμενη από τετράγωνα ή παραλληλόγραμμα σχήματα, η οποία καθορίζει τις διαβάσεις των ποδηλάτων
η αποτελούμενη από δύο συνεχείς παράλληλες γραμμές, σε απόσταση τεσσάρων ως πέντε μέτρων μεταξύ τους, η οποία καθορίζει την επιφάνεια αναμονής των ποδηλάτων, στην οποία καταλήγει η λωρίδα ποδηλάτου.
Η επιφάνεια αναμονής διαμορφώνεται σε σηματοδοτούμενες διασταυρώσεις μπροστά από τη γραμμή υποχρεωτικής διακοπής πορείας των οχημάτων, τροφοδοτείται από λωρίδα ποδηλάτων, είναι χρωματισμένη στο ίδιο χρώμα με αυτήν και σημαίνεται με το σύμβολο του ποδηλάτου.
Οι ειδικές διαγραμμίσεις είναι:
η αποτελούμενη από παράλληλες λοξές λωρίδες, οι οποίες πλαισιώνονται από μία συνεχή ή διακεκομμένη γραμμή επί τμήματος ή επί ελαφρώς ανυψωμένης περιοχής του οδοστρώματος και η οποία σημαίνει απαγόρευση ή περιορισμό εισόδου οχημάτων στις περιοχές αυτές
η τεθλασμένη κίτρινη γραμμή (ζιγκ-ζαγκ) στην πλευρά του οδοστρώματος, η οποία σημαίνει ότι σε όλο το μήκος της γραμμής επί της πλευράς αυτής απαγορεύεται η στάθμευση, ανεξαρτήτως της παράλληλης οδικής σήμανσης με κατακόρυφες πινακίδες απαγορευτικές της στάσης και της στάθμευσης και των απαγορεύσεων του άρθρου 34. Διακοπή της τεθλασμένης γραμμής συνοδευόμενη από την αναγραφή της λέξης «ΛΕΩΦΟΡΕΙΟ» ή απεικόνιση λεωφορείου μπορεί να χρησιμοποιείται για την υπόδειξη αποκλειστικά στάσης λεωφορείου ή ηλεκτροκίνητου λεωφορείου
συνεχής κίτρινη γραμμή στο κράσπεδο ή στην άκρη του οδοστρώματος, η οποία σημαίνει ότι σε όλο το μήκος της και προς την πλευρά αυτήν του οδοστρώματος απαγορεύεται η στάση και στάθμευση των οχημάτων, ανεξαρτήτως της παράλληλης οδικής σήμανσης με κατακόρυφες πινακίδες απαγορευτικές της στάσης και της στάθμευσης και των απαγορεύσεων στάθμευσης του άρθρου 34
διακεκομμένη κίτρινη γραμμή στο κράσπεδο ή στο άκρο του οδοστρώματος, η οποία σημαίνει ότι σε όλο το μήκος της γραμμής και επί της πλευράς αυτής του οδοστρώματος απαγορεύεται ή υπόκειται σε περιορισμούς η στάθμευση, η οποία υποδεικνύεται με άλλα μέσα. Αν χρησιμοποιείται η γραμμή αυτή προς ένδειξη απαγόρευσης ή περιορισμών της στάσης ή στάθμευσης πρέπει, εφόσον υπάρχει λευκή γραμμή υποδεικνύουσα το άκρο του οδοστρώματος, να βρίσκεται εξωτερικώς και παραπλεύρως της λευκής γραμμής
πλέγμα κίτρινων γραμμών, οι οποίες σχηματίζουν παραλληλόγραμμα, σε ισόπεδους οδικούς κόμβους, το οποίο σημαίνει περιοχή μέσα στην οποία δεν μπορεί να εισέλθει όχημα και αν ακόμη οι φωτεινοί σηματοδότες επιτρέπουν αυτό, όταν η πυκνότητα της κυκλοφορίας είναι τέτοια ώστε, αν εισέλθει, να υποχρεωθεί πιθανώς να παραμείνει στη διασταύρωση. Οι διατάξεις της παραγράφου 2 του άρθρου 26 εξακολουθούν να ισχύουν και αν ακόμη δεν υπάρχει η πιο πάνω διαγράμμιση
συνεχής ή διακεκομμένη γραμμή που προσδιορίζει λωρίδα κυκλοφορίας συνοδευμένη από πινακίδες σήμανσης ή αναγραφή λέξεων ή απεικόνιση συμβόλων στο οδόστρωμα, όπως λεωφορεία, ταξί και ποδήλατα, η οποία σημαίνει ότι η χρήση της λωρίδας κυκλοφορίας επιτρέπεται μόνο στα αναγραφόμενα ή απεικονιζόμενα οχήματα
βέλη εκτροπής, βέλη επιλογής, παράλληλες ή λοξές λωρίδες ή αναγραφές μπορούν να χρησιμοποιούνται για την επανάληψη των δεδομένων από πινακίδες οδηγιών ή για να δίνουν σε αυτούς που χρησιμοποιούν τις οδούς πληροφορίες, οι οποίες δεν μπορούν να δοθούν ικανοποιητικά με πινακίδες.
Τέτοιες διαγραμμίσεις χρησιμοποιούνται ιδίως για να δείχνουν τις οριογραμμές ζωνών ή λωρίδων στάθμευσης, για να σημειώσουν στάσεις λεωφορείων και για την προεπιλογή λωρίδας κυκλοφορίας, μπροστά από διασταυρώσεις. Αν υπάρχει βέλος επιλογής στο οδόστρωμα, όπου αυτό είναι χωρισμένο σε λωρίδες κυκλοφορίας με κατά μήκος διαγραμμίσεις, οι οδηγοί υποχρεούνται να επιλέγουν έγκαιρα τη λωρίδα η οποία φέρει το βέλος της κατεύθυνσης την οποία θέλουν να ακολουθήσουν και δεν μπορούν πλέον να πάρουν άλλη κατεύθυνση,
περιγράμματα ρόμβων κατά αποστάσεις στο μέσο λωρίδας κυκλοφορίας, τα οποία σημαίνουν ότι η λωρίδα αυτή έχει καθοριστεί ως αμέσου ανάγκης, σύμφωνα με την παράγραφο 3 του άρθρου 44.
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