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Αν βλέπετε κάποιο λάθος στην ερώτηση, στις απαντήσεις, στις φωτογραφίες ή στην μετάφραση παρακαλούμε ενημερώστε μας.
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πλαίσιο οχηματων - σασι
Κατάταξη πλαισίων
Το πλαίσιο είναι μια ισχυρή μεταλλική κατασκευή, πάνω στην οποία στηρίζονται όλοι οι υπόλοιποι μηχανισμοί του αυτοκινήτου. Αν και παλαιότερα αποτελούσε το κύριο χαρακτηριστικό των αυτοκινήτων σήμερα το πλαίσιο (σασί) έχει αντικατασταθεί από το αυτοφερόμενο αμάξωμα.
Εφαρμογές – Πλεονεκτήματα
Εξακολουθεί όμως να υπάρχει σε μερικά σπορ αυτοκίνητα, σε αυτοκίνητα τύπου Jeep, σε αυτοκίνητα που το υπόλοιπο αμάξωμα είναι κατασκευασμένο από πλαστικά υλικά και σε πολλά αμερικάνικα αυτοκίνητα.
Η πιο κλασική κατασκευή ανεξάρτητου πλαισίου περιλαμβάνει δύο παράλληλες δοκούς σε σχήμα διατομής Π ή ορθογωνικής, που συνδέονται μεταξύ τους με άλλα εγκάρσια μέλη ή σε σχήμα χιαστί για να εξασφαλίζεται έτσι μεγαλύτερη αντοχή στις καταπονήσεις που δέχεται. Η κατασκευή αυτή ανάλογα με τις διάφορες απαιτήσεις των κατασκευαστών, αλλά και με την ανάπτυξη της τεχνολογίας του αυτοκινήτου πέρασε πολλές αλλαγές και έτσι διαμορφώθηκαν διάφοροι τύποι πλαισίων.
Μερικοί βασικοί τύποι ανεξάρτητων πλαισίων αναφέρονται στη συνέχεια.
Το πλαίσιο περιμετρικού τύπου. Στην κάτοψη φαίνεται ότι στην μέση περίπου το πλαίσιο είναι φαρδύτερο, ενώ στα άκρα στενεύει. Η μπροστινή απόσταση των πλευρικών μελών καθορίζεται από το μετατρόχιο και από την μέγιστη γωνία στροφής των τροχών, ενώ στο πίσω μέρος μόνο από το μετατρόχιο. Τα πλευρικά μέλη ενώνονται με αρκετά εγκάρσια στελέχη. Οι “ώμοι” που βρίσκονται μπροστά σχηματίζονται μπροστά από το κεκλιμένο μέρος του πατώματος, στο μέρος που συνήθως βρίσκεται το διαμέρισμα του κινητήρα.
παλισια σασι οχηματων
Οι πίσω "ώμοι" βρίσκονται κάτω από το πίσω κάθισμα. Οι "ώμοι" μπορεί να κατασκευαστούν σαν διαφορετικά κομμάτια συγκολλημένα στα εμπρός, μεσαία και πίσω τμήματα των πλευρικών μελών ή μπορεί να είναι διαμορφωμένα μαζί με τα πλευρικά μέλη.
Το πλαίσιο σχήματος Χ αποτελείται από ένα κεντρικό τούνελ, τοποθετημένο στο επίπεδο συμμετρίας του αυτοκινήτου, ο οποίος σχηματίζει “πιρούνια” μπροστά και πίσω. Τα μπροστινά πιρούνια χρησιμεύουν για την εγκατάσταση της μονάδας ισχύος, ενώ τα πίσω για την διευθέτηση του πίσω άξονα.
Το κεντρικό μέλος του περνάει διαμέσου του κεντρικού τούνελ του αμαξώματος.
Το πλαίσιο τύπου σκάλας, αποτελείται από δύο παράλληλα πλευρικά μέλη ενωμένα μεταξύ τους με αρκετά εγκάρσια μέλη. Για να μειωθεί το ύψος του πατώματος σε σημεία που αυτό είναι αναγκαίο, το ύψος των πλευρικών και των εγκάρσιων μελών μειώνεται, ενώ αυξάνεται συγχρόνως το πλάτος, για να διατηρηθεί η συνολική αντοχή τους.
Με αυτό το πλαίσιο το ύψος του πατώματος από τον δρόμο είναι μεγαλύτερο από αυτό του πλαισίου περιμετρικού τύπου ενώ το τούνελ του άξονα έχει μικρό ύψος και πλάτος και επίσης το δάπεδο δεν προεξέχει δεξιά ή αριστερά.
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